Magazine for firearms.



J. D. PBDERSBN. Y MAGAZINE FOB. PIREABMS. APPLIUATloN FILED Hmm, 19,12.

Patented Nov. 5, '1912.y

7 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

@www5 MN, Y

J.- D. PEDERsgN. vMAGAZINE FOR PIRBARMS. A V APPLIOATIUN FILED PEBJO, 1912.

' Patented Nov. 5, 19142.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

g y v ZT. D. PEDERSBN.

` MAGAZINE FOR PIREARMS.

APPLAIGAYTYYION FILED PEB, 1o, 1912.

Patented Nov.. 5, 1912.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Y .Em

J. D. PBDERSEN..

MAGAZINE POR FIRBARMS.

APPLICATION FILED malo, 1912.

Patented N0v.5,1912.

7 SHEETS--SHIET 5.

WI/'nessesf Ina/en 20'1:

J. D. PEDERSEN.

MAGAZINE FOR FIRBARMS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 1o, 1912:

Patented Nov. 5, 1912.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

In ven r. 5 kn Pedersen,

...r-.IIIIIIIIIIII I| Y Wziz esses:

J. D. PEDERSBN. MAGAZINE POR PIREARMS. APPLICATION FILED FEB.10, 1912v `Patented Nov. 5, 1912.

fi umTED 'S'Tariis PATENT carica.

Jorrivjnpraraasiiii, orJacKsoN, WYOMING.

araehziim roarimiamus.

To zllwt-oin#mayl cof/wem:

Be it known that I, JOHN D. PEDERSEN,

av citizen of the United States, residing in rie Jackson, in the eounty of Uinta and State of Wyoming,'have invented certain new andl useful Improvements in Magazines for Firearms, of which the following is a specification.k v u Mypresenty invention isin the nature of an improvement in that class of cartridge magazines for-firearms in which the cartridges are held in end-to-end contact within a tube.

A principal object of this invention is to furnish a magazine whereby and wherein Y `rimless center-fire cartridges, (especially those having pointed bullets and using high power explosive) may be held in storage while under such complete positive and continuous individual control in fixed relative positions and in end-to-end safe-position contacts, that each cartridge will be protected against jamming or sticking and will -freely move longitudinally in the magazine,

not only during the operation of loading' the cartridges into the magazine, but also during the transfer of a cartridge from the magazine into the barrel of a breech-loading rearm, and this regardless of the action of gravity or the position of the fire-arm. The loading operation is now performed with such extreme rapidity thateven a slight sticking of-a cartridge might seriously impede or defeat the operation of the gun mechanism, and thus become a source of loss and danger. For meeting ytheseconditions I organized as hereinafter more have devised a system of magazine construction in which the pointed lend of one cartrid e contacts with the head of a contiguous orward cartridge onl in a narrow safezone outside of its centra y-located primer, whereby to vavoid the premature or accidental firing of -such" forward cartridge by the too forcible contacting of the cartridges, whether this 'shall be caused 'by the shock of 'firing or otherwisef'- ln this magazine, I

locate and i guide the cartridgesb by means of a plural-.it of helical guide-lines or beai'-, ing-path .su-r aces which are; s0 @Oliihiiled and fully described, as to aceompli'shlthe desired objects in an effective and reliable manner.-

In. ractice it is preferable 'and convenient '-'to'ma e the magazine of a metal tube,' (fpref.,

55 erably steel) and to have theiarger v portion Speciication of Letters Batent.

.their sum is equal'to one circle.

Patentedisov. 5, i912.

l Application led Februar'y`10, 1912. Serial No. 676,823.

of the external surface retained in or shaped to -a substantially cylindrical form for use with some suitable bearing or guide relatively movable thereon, so the tube may -form part of or be connected to the action-- bar of the gun mechanism, and may be arranged yto slide in a guide or bearing therefor. -Such an arrangement is illustrated in United States Letters'Patent, No. 963,171, granted to me July 5, 1910. Such tubes are readily produced of high quality and at a low cost, and are also especially suitable because of'their normal stability and neatness of appearance. is of suitable ductility, the cartridge-guiding lines or paths may be formed therein by dies for helically shaping that portion of the tube in and of which such' ide-'surfaces shall be made. Neither the slze nor shape of the external surface, or of the internal surface of the magazine tube is material to the operation of the magazine, except that the internal space must, of course, be suilicient for the free longitudinal movement of the cartridges, and that the several helical gui(le-line-surfacesor bearing-paths shall be located and curved for properly holding and guiding the cartridges. l This system of magazine construction is in accordance with the principle which I have discovered by extended experimental` investigations, that the guide-lines arc and the axial-arc may (as a standard or basic proportion) be made complemen-tal to each other, vand their difference be equal to oneh'alf their sum. By the term guide-lines arc, l refer to the circumferential advance of any one of the helical guide-lines in the 'longitudinal distance equal to one cartridge-length. By the term axial-arc, I refer toA the circumerential 'advance (around the magazine axis) of the cartridge axis in the same longitudinal distance.' These features, I have hereinafter' explained in connection with da grams showing those relations of said arcs.

lf, in a given instanceythe guide-lines arc is three-fourths of aeircl and-the" axialarc is one-fourth of a circ e, clearly-these arcs are complemental to each other Since this axial-arc is snbtracteslv from said guidelines are, their,diil'erence is obviously .onehalf .oi a' eireler; Thus their diierence is one-half therlsu. From this definite or When the metal tube when.

iii

. brought'into transverse positions which mayA arc range of between two-thirds and foury lifths of a circle to be as great' as practicable, unless in some instance Where the cartridges are of unusual roportions.

A. further object o my invention is to furnish a magazine organized in accordance lwith the foregoing principles and in such a manner asto hold each cartridge with its axis at a minimum inclination relatively to lthe magazine axis, and to accomplish this result by the method of locating each `cartridge with its axis inclined in an axial-plane which is off-set from the magazine axis; and

of locating the successive axial-planes in transverse directions. By this olf-setting of the planes of the axes of contiguous cartridges, and constructing the curvatures Vof the guide-lines of an excess pitch-length as hereln explained, the v'said axial planes are be at about right-angles, while theV inclination of each cartridge axis in its own plane is minimized, and an effective vthree-bearin. 1, support for each cartridge is obtained.

.In a self-loading rapid-firing gun of the class herein referred to, when the rearward cartridge in the magazine comes into position for being transferredv into the loadingv mechanism, it is important in order to avoid premature explosions, that the safe-positions of the end-toend contacts shall be continuously maintained, and that the cartridge shall be taken while at va minimum inclination in the plane of its axis, and also relatively-to the magazine axis. These results are now readily obtainable by means of my system of magazine construction, which, though complex and intricate in character and function, is nevertheless simple as to Inumber ofl parts and is of demonstrated siiiciency and reliability in its practical operation. Because of these complex relations and the-numerous combinations existing in the magazine, and because of the consequent difticulty of clearly -and adequately stating the saine, l have herein employed, in part, the method of description by graphics, and have exhibited those features by diagrams supplemental to the following Written description.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, and in which similar characters designate like parts in all the views, Figure l is a side viewv of a tubular magazine, ivi, made in accordance with my present invention; a portion ci the tube is how the cartridges are located therein; and

shown broken away for better illustrating' the cartridge headsA are drawn oblique or distorted for disclosing the end-to-end safe` positions of the point and headv contacts. This figure shows the helical excess-pitch guide-lines 3 and 4 extending inwardly from the tube-wall of the magazine, and shows the tube of such diameter that a part of its inner surfaces form the guide-line Qgvhich thus coincides with the inclusive`circle, and cylinder of the magazine. This cylinder being a geometrical figure having no thickness, will, of course, in the end views, appear' as this inclusive circle, (see the circle at 2a, Fig. .8, and 2e, Fig. Ll0). By the vterm bearing-path, -or guide-line,` I refer to that path or surface, (herein a helical zone) upon which some portion of the cartridge is sup ported and guided as it moves along within the magazine.

Figa 2 is a full side-view of one of the rimless cartridges, it being of .the well known and typical shape, and of a forma tion which I designate as two-cylinder, (see Fig. 29). f

Fig. 3 is an end-view diagramy (on an env larged scale), illustrating certain relations .of two oE-set cartridges `in endtoend 'contact and having the planes of their .axes N,

N', located in transverse directions and with their a'xes', Zl0', inclined in such planes.

F ig. 3a (on Sheet 2), is similar and Ysupplemental toJFig. 3, and further illustrates the oE-setting of vthe cartridge axes, 40, 4,0', and the relations of the respective positionangles 4:5, 45, to each other, to the orbital axis a, and to the orbits a2 .and 'es of the head-center, d, and point-center, e, of the cartridges.

In Figs. 3 and 3a, the circle of the magazine is indicated as being divided into four approximate quadrants, of which the quadrant Q contains or incloses (fully yor nearly, as the case may be) the area comprised within the three sides of the position-angle 45. The several quadrants are shown numbered in a direction oppositely of the direction commonly designated as clockwise since the magazine, in this instance, (see fig. 1) is shown 'having a right-hand, or clockwise helix or twist; but this may, if preferred, be made with 'a left-hand helical form. The similar quadrant Q incloses the corresponding position-angle 45. larly, in Fig. 3B, the quadrant Q would inclo'se the position-angle forl the cartridge C;. and the quadrant Q" would `inclose the such angle for the .more 'advanced cartridge C, as will be made clear by comparingV this figure with thecartridges as shown in Figs. 1 and 12.

In. Fig. 3, (which is drawn on twice as large a scale as Fig. d) the orbital axis z' is vshown located at the intersection of they two meridian lines y and y. The axial plane Simiy Ali() iso to one side loli `the line y by the distance 42.

' The lineiyindi'eates, in this instance, the

#mesa s orbitali xls ais located.

vertical planeinwhich the orbital axis a is located. "Similarly, the axial plane N of the car ,gefaxis 40, is shown located to one 'i [atfthe lower side as here ar- .Ianged' of the line y by the similar distij'e42fg-The line y in this instance 1nd 1 hihorizontal plane in which the said 'yn theilinesA N and N', Fig. 3, the heavily shaded-portions 40 and 40', respectively, sho'w the xes of twopsuccessive contiguous cartridg i d :the extent of the inclination of these f s, in the said axial-planes. Th1s ligure l'spends in position with Figs. 8 yto 11"",` acilitate comparison. The lmeV Vis drawn rthrough the orbital axis a and is so located @sito touch the upper end, e', ot axis 40, and the 'right-hand end of axis 40. A dotted line, 60,V is drawn parallel to and below meridian y', in position to intersect the i Aline N at the lower end d of axis 40,-and

with this point as a center is drawn the circle fk, representing the position of the head :of a cartridge, (as C, Figs. 1 and 12) relone-half), sho-wing the inclination of the cartridge-axis, 40, in the plane, N, of said axis; and in relation tothe magazine axis, z, which' is also the orbital axis of the cartridges; the axial plane N is shown of one ca rtridge-length,` from section S13 to section S1, in Fig. 12; also see Figs. 24, 29, and 39.

'For vmore fully and clearly exhibiting those relations of the cartridge axis40 (extending '3,4, and 44), and of the axial-plane thereof, lso

one cartridge-length, from d to e, see Figs.

which obtain as between these and the said orbital axis, a, l have supposed that axialplane (or geometrical figure) to be extended outwardly1 to have the width shown by the parallelogram in Fig..4; for convenience,

I have designated this plane by the single,-

character, \T. Then said axial planeis indicated by a straight line, (as in some-.of the sectional views), the character N designates this line, which is then an end view-'cf said plane. The axial-planes, (and the lines representing the same) of a serieso successive cartridges. are, respectively, distinuished by index-marks, 'as N, N', N, ant N.

Fig. 4, supplemental to Fig. and on'the same scale, is drawn adjacent-.ftd Figs. 43

and 46 to facilitate direct comparisontherewith. 1n Fig. 4 the linclination ofthe axis 40 in the plane N, is the apparent inclination, when the said axis is viewed in a direction vertical to said plane, as for instance, froni the right-hand of 3. Butthe axis 40 comes substantially Withinbne quadrant, as Q, Fig. 3, and may to have a spiral or radial inclination relatively to the axis a, when the relation oit' different points in the length oit' thelaxis 40 is considered in connection with the orbital movement and the oil-set and inclined positien of the cartridge. For illustrating this peculiar feature or relation of said axis 40,-

and the consequent effect 'on the location-v and direction of the line of the acting force as transmitted backward throughone cartridge to the point of the next,-I have ineluded in Fig. 4a some lines from Fig. 4. The distance 4 corresponds to the distance between the axis e and the head-center, d, of the cartridge; this is also indicated .in Figs. 10a, .f3 and 44. At the right hand of said Fig. 4,the -distance a to e corresponds to the heightof the angle 45 on line V-V in Fig. 3; this distance is also shown in Figs 10a, 46 and others. Bytaking the distances of successive points inthe length of thev axis 40, and radially to the axis z, and using them for plotting the curved line 40, Fig. 4, We then have a diagram showing the actual radial relations, or radial inclination, bf the cartridge `axis to the orbital axis throughout its length; and a represen,- tation of the relative parallelism of the tWo axes 4which'results from the method of holding the cartridges with their axes inclined in olf-set axial planes which are tangentially disposed about a circle and in transverse directions. This shows that the radial angles between the lines 30 and 40, and the axis a, are so low that said line ot force tends hardly at all to crowd or deflect the cartridge toward any greater inclination, While the circumferential advance of the cartridge axis, 40, in'the axial-arc onerates to cause the cartridge to more near y follow the twist or curvature of the guide-lines, so that the end thrust on the cartridge tends only very slightly, if any, to move or deliect the cartridge toward any greater angle relatively to the axis z. The radial angle, or inclination of that force-line is shown by the dotted line 30 in this View; for a fuller illustration of this feature, see Figs. 43 and 44.

Figs. 5, 6, and 7, are sectional views illustrating some of the variations which'may beV adopted in the ormand arrangement of the body-melnber or wall of the magazine M.v For convenience and economy 'of manufacture, I prefer to use a cylindrical tube Y as such body-member, and to have this tube` of a circular form 'both internally :index-` ternally, and also of uniforinthickness; this form is shown in Figs. 8 to 21, and in other sectional views. When the three guide-lines or bearing-paths 2, 3, and 4, are connected by or formed with such tube walls for inclosing the cartridges, and 'when this tube cr wall has a size and location making its innersurface, (as in Figs. 1 and 8 to 21) coincide with the bearing-path 2, then a helicallv-located portion .of such inner surface will constitute or serve as that bearingpath.4 Fig. shows a tube, M, which is circular in section, but which does not at any point in its circumference coincide with any of the guideline or guide-path surfaces. In Fig. 6, the bearing-paths 2, 3,'and 1, are connected by the tube, M, the inner surface of which is non-circularin section, and has the tube-wall non-uniform in thickness. In Fig` 7, both the inner and outer surfaces of the tube M are non-circular in section,

- whilethe thicknessis uniform. These views illustrate how the several guide-lines, or their guide-patha, 3, and 4, with some suitable means fer maintaining them organized and fixed together, constitute the magazine as to its operational features or functions.

Figs. 8, 9, and 10, are enlarged sectional or transverse views in positions S13, S11, and S15, respectively, of Fig. 12, and show the relation cf the magazine sectioru-.or moi'e particularly', of the helical guide-lines therecf,-to the cartridge at the head, the middle or shoulder, 'and the point, respectively; also the principal triangulations between the cartridge supporting faces supplied by the guide-lines, and which operate to prevent the cartridge from being deflected out of its proper position and inclination. In these views the plane of the inclined cartridge axis, 40, is vertical, as indicated by the dotted line N. Fig.-10a is a similar view in which certain features of Fig. 10 are combined with others hereinafter reyferred to in connection with Figs. 3, 31,10,

and.12. t l

Fig. 11 is a similar view in which the tubesections and the cartridge circles of Figs. 8,

9,v and 10, are shown combined together, and Fig. 11a is a similar view showing combined together the several triangulations of Figs. 8, 9, and 1G; these two figures together show how .the o-set and inclined cartridge is surrounded by a system of supporting-faces arranged in triangulations and forming bearings located in transverse positions and locartridge.

leo

cated at three places longitudinally of the In this kpreferred construction, the inner tubessurface constituting the bearing-line 2serv'es to form only one side or bearing-face of the head-bearing h2 (see Figs. 8, 9, and 10) and does not serve to support or ide the cartridge at any other point in its length; consequently. this tubesurface, except such guide-line portion thereof, may be varied in formation to any extent not interfering with the free movement of the cartridges.

Fig. 12 is an enlarged diagrammatic View of thel magazine system, as seen from vone side and in a diagonal direction, thus being substantially a perspective view. This ligure shows the relations of three successive contiguous cartridges to each other, and to the magazine. The magazine tube, `M, is here represented by parallel dotted lines at the lower and upper sides of the several sectional delineations of the tube, S13 to S21, which are reproduced in the 'figures' which are correspondingly numbered as Figs. 13 to 21, respectively. tion in Fig. 12 is designated S16, this being in advance of section S13 by one pitch-length of the helical guide-lines. Fig. 12 illustrates the different orbital positions andthe different inclinations of the successive contiguous cartridges, C, C', C, by means of the dotted lines 2, 3, andi, and the said sectional delineations S13 to S21 shows in a coinprehensive and approximate manner a series of car! tridges as held within the magazine by means of said 'excess-pitch guide-lines, and

under the continuously positive control;

these features are further explained in connection with other figures of the drawing. Each cartridgeis thus held with both headcenter, d, and point-center, e, eccentrically located relatively to the orbital axis, and wit-h the direction of the head eccentricity transverse, (preferably at ab'out right-anv If a line were drawn in Fig. 10a (also in Figs. 3 and 31) from the point-center e ofcartridge C', yupwardly to the point-center -of cartridge C, this line would show the line or path ofdirect force-transmission from e to e (from 5 to 5) rearwardly through the cartridge C in Fig. 12; to avoid confus-r ing the drawings, suchy a line is omitted in these views, but 1s shown in Figs. 43 and 4:4. The place in the safe-zone e1@ (see Figs. 12,

13, 16, 19,) where the point e of one cartridge will contact with the head of the next forward contiguous cartridge is designated by 5, as to cartridge C; by 5', as to cartridge C', and by 5, as to cartridge C. By means of the foregoing features, the cartridge is given an orbital rotation about the guide-lines axis during its movement length wise of the magazine and wit-hout deviation from its off-set and inclined position, and without incur'ring any wedging action upon the cartridge.

Figs. '13 to 56, inclusive, are views showing certain details of construction and illus iso y 80 An additional dottedsec- A trating by diagrams and comparative figures, the functional relations and mode of operation of the same; these viewswillnow be more fully Aexplained in connection Witli the features represented therein, in the` following general description: Figs. 13 to 21 represent the sections S13 to S21, respectively, of Fig. 12, and in three groups. Figs.- r13, 14, and 15, show one cartridge, C; Figs. 16, 17,

, and 18, show the second cartridge C; and,

Figs. 19, 20, and 21, show the third'cartridge C. These views all show the cartridges in their respective orbital positions in Fig. 12; and they, with Figs. 8, 9, vand 10, illustrate 15 how the described organization of guidelines furnish or supply bearing-faces so located that any. transverse moving of the cartridge in any direction results in halting such movement at its inception by means of 2o some bearing-face located substantially in direct opposition to such movement. For instance, in Figs. 13, 14, and 15, it "will be seen that the cartridge C has two .bearing-faces, at 2 and 4, Fig. 13, against the head; two other bearing-faces at 4 and l 3, Fig. 15, at and for the cartridge point; and, in themiddle position, Fig. 14, there are two bearing-faces at 3 and 4, which, as will be seen in the diagrammatic views, Figs. S to 11a, are in direct opposition to the said head-'bearing faces and are also in direct opposition to the two point-bearing faces. Although the cartridge may be held between the three guides or bearing-lines of the magazine in such manner as to have a slight but perfectly free lateral movement therein, yet a very slight movement of the cartridge in any direction will bring the same into touch or actual hearing upon a 4o plurality of those faces which, (when associated together) constitute and form a cartridge-inclosing system of triangularly-disposed bearing-faces located on three helical guide-lines organiz/.ed and properly circumferentially spaced therefor. Vilhen said cartridge C is-shifted laterally toward the ri ht hand at its point, as in F ig.V 15, the p ay thereof is indicated by the clear but small space between the bearing-face at 4 and the circle p.

inthe second group of three views, Figs. 16, 17, and 18, (corresponding to the second cartridge C' in Fig. 12) the cartridge is shown shifted in a diiferent manner so that the play is shown in Fig. 16 at 2; in this case, the mid-bearing faces (one or both) and the point-bearing faces (one or both) come into actual contact or bearing with the cartridge, while at the head end only 6@ one of the two head-bearing faces, at 4, opcrates for limiting the lateral movement of the cartridges but here, it will be, seen, the direction of the pressure which this headbearing face exerts upon the cartrid e is ci in opposition to the combined action o the (the third group) illustrate how on a still different shifting tendency of the cartridge this is brought to bearagainst the two headbearing faces at2 and 4, Fig. 19, against one or both of the two-point-bearing faces 3 and 4, Fig. 21, while only one of the midbearing faces at 4, Fig. 20, operates for limiting the lateral movement which the cartridge might otherwise have. Thus in what- A ever direction the cartridge may be given av 35 tendency to lateral movement, and whether this tendency to such movement exists in one direction at the head, and another direction at the point; or, whether it a )plies to` the entire cartridge in the same irection, the action of the system is always such as to furnish a series Vof vbearing-faces located one or more at| each of the said three longitudinal positions (as z, m, and p) on the cartridge, and always with some one bearing-face acting in opposition to a plurality of other hearings or bearing-faces. By means of this freedom of lateral movement (but this restricted to a small amount only) the magazine is adapted for using cart-ridges having some variation in form and l size, and' also having some variation in the -proportions vof the respective bearing-engaging portions, so that in practice the amount of play, and the operation of the several cartridges in a series of theln contained in the magazine, is made uniform ,and eiiective; and a perfectly freemovement- -ofl the -cartridges is secured with only a slight lateral playthereof. In practice, such lo play as here described, may be caused by a slight misalinement of the larger and smaller portions of the cartridges, which variations or defects are thus allowed and provided for by the structural features here described.

Suppose, for instance, the cartridge to lie in the magazine as indicated in Figs. 8, 9, and 10, and that some force should cause the point of the cartridge, (Fig. 10) to tend 130 to move in the direction of the arrow 90. The location of the tangential plane 91 indicates the relation of the contacting surfaces atthe bearing-faceA 3? on the curved .supplemental guide-line 3, at or near the point p of the cartridge prior to such action` taking place. The line 92 represents t he' plane' of the cohtacting surfaces at the middle-bearing 4() (as also shown in Fig. 9); and these two tace-tangent lines 91 'and 92 13o form an angle, 95, which 'normallyoperates -to oppose the movement of the point of the cartridge in the direction of said arrow 90. The said point movement, however, carries the circle p to the position, for, instance, shown by dotted circle 72, and so advances the contact from 3 to the location 3, Vwhile the middle-bearing contact 4b is moved rearwardly to 4V; the said tangential planesv being thus shifted to positions 91 and 92, and broadening the angle 95 to the angle 95. See also Figs. 23, 24, and 28. )Vith this less acute angular disposition, these two guide-path faces serve to arrest any further lateral movement of the cartridge in the direction of the arrow 90 in a more direct and positive manner, vand in a way to avoid the sticking or jamming of the cartridges.

During the said action, (when tending to occur as here stated,) 'the head-bearing, as indicated in Fig. 8, operates after the manner of a fulcrum for opposing any lateral movement of the cartridge head in the direction of arrow 89, (oppositely to said arrow 90 in Fig. 1.0). Thus the two contactving surfaces represented by the said two converging lines 91 and 92, (although one -of said surfaces is at the point and the other at the mid-bearing of the cartridge) coact in a direct manner with each other, and each Ico-acts with the said head-bearing, for posi'- tively preventing -any movement of the point of the cartridge in the direction of the arrow 90 beyond a small amount to be provided (as elsewhere herein stated) for permit-ting theY proper free play of the car- A tridges in the magazine Thus the guide-line 3 supplies'at the bearing-face Bca stop or face which contacts with the point of the cartridge in such manner and direction that the tangential line indicated by 91 is located 'transversely of,

'and at nearly right-angles to,the axial plane i N of the cartridge. This stop face 3, therefore, operates in a particular manner in connection with the other guide-line bearing-faces asa point-movement-limiter, which prevents the cartridge-point from being shifted too far in the direction in which itis normally held by the said middle-bearing 'face 4b.

` Another feature of organization shown in 8, (also in other sectional views) is the circumferential spacing of the guide-paths,

4, fand 2, in connection with their varying radial distances, respectively tiret; the axis z. The path 2 is not diametrically opposite to the path 4, but is 'located at a circmnferential distance therefrom which is much less than one-half of a circle. Beginning at path 4, and going in the direction of the forward axial-path curvature (clockwise in this instance) around Fig. S and the emupanion sectional views, the arc 4 to 3 (the guide-arc)-is the lesser arc of the three,

being (in this instance) substantially one- I fourth of a circle. The arc 3 to2 and the arc 2 to 4, are each longer, and may be about equal to each other. Thus there are two successive ares which are of increasing lengths', respectively, in the direction'o'f the increasing axial-path radii. `Also the direct distance between the paths 4 and '2 is less than the diameter of the head-bearing of the cartridge, whereas if those paths were about opposite to each other from the axis 2, such direct distance would be' greater than said head-bearing'diameter.

Comparing Figs. 13 to 15, and these with Figs. 8, 9, and 10, it will beseen that the guide-line 4 extends laround the magazine substantially two-thirds of a turn from .the position it has in Figs. 13 and 8, to the position shown in Figs. 15 and 10. From Figs. 13 and 8, it will be seen that the bearingface at 4a constitutes the forward' part of the head-bearing, while rin Figs. 15 and 10.

the same guide-line supplies the rearwardhearing face at 4c of the point-bearing; the latter arrangement also occurs vin the midbearing, Figs. 14 and 11, at 4b.

Referring again to Fig, 8, the `cnord 71.2 of head-circle h., extends between the headbearing faces 2al and 43, and forms one side of a triangulation "of whiha second side h3 extends from said face 2a to the midbearing face 4b; and of-which the third side,

714,' extends from the face 4a to said face 4b, thus completing the support-angle 2a, 4a, 4b. Now, passing to Fig, 9, with the chord m2 of the mid-bearing (this comprising the faces 3"` 41g) as a base, one triangulation extends forwardly tothe point-'bearing face 3, thus forming the support-angle composed of the sides m2, m3, and m4, and extending between the bearing faces 3b, 4", and 3. From the same chord, m2, another triangulation extends rearwardly to the head-bearing face 4, thus forming thev support-angle composed of the sides m2, m5, and me, and extending between the bearing faces 3", 4b, and 4a, Similarly, in Fig. 10 the base line p2 extends from the point-bearing face 4c to the face 3c, while the line p3, from face 4 to 'face it", and the line p4 from-face 3c to 4b. from the other sides of the support-- Figs. 8 and 38, limits the cartridge against" movement laterally of this chord in thedirection ot' arrow c3, Fig. 38, and the pointv`bearing, as indicated by its vchord 2,acts

5 in'xthe same Way. Similarly, the mid-bearing, as indicated by its chord m2, acts in a transverse direction, which is represented by arrow o. Now, as already in eiectset yforth, these transversely acting bearings no also operate by reason .of .the supportangles and -triangulations .represented in Fig.

Y '11 (and inthe views antecedentlthereto), also act in the reverse directions, as indi-1. cated byopposite arrowsia 2 and at. Thus;v 1,5 the described setof faces arranged :insuch triangulations between points on helical; bearing-paths, (.Fig. 37) is in one respect of? a rectangular disposition, which with the: -triangulations Vforms a dual orcomplex sys- .an tem. This is further illustrated in Fig. 38, where the four general .directions of those direct and reverse actions are indicated by the lfour arrows therein shown, whilethe; opposition thereto is -indicated by` the rec- 2b t-angularly-disposed lines 111,562, and b4. Fi 22 is an end view similar to Fig. 11,1'

but s owing themagazine turned to a dif-. ferent position, and is drawn in alinement with the perspective view Fig. 24and also:

SU with the sideview, Fig. I23. The line ofiv si t in the view shown in Fig. 24 isin the;

direction of the arrow 27 in Fig. 23. -y (.Figng 24 also compares, except for rotative position and omission of the cartridge, with FigfY i Se In these views the normally clear-spacci` between the guide-line 4 and the cylinder 10 (see Fig. 29) intermediate to the bearing-ij :faces in and 4b, is-1'sliown at 18. i

` Fig. 28 is a representation (drawn in!y a@ alinement below Fig. 23) of a part-ofthe;i cartridge with-the* line 4 (of Fig. 23) sup-i posed. to be brought around into the plane of; the axis 40, orshowing the normal lrela tion'of the said bearing-path 4 and its-faces 4f; at 4 and 411,t0 the space at 18, While t-her guide-line 4, byreason of its curvature, ex

' tends along and around the magazine tromv the point 4a atl the head of the cartridge tot "the point 4* at the mid-hearing, and sincei 56 the radius (11, Fi li2) of this line or bearing from thev orbital axis, e, 1s muchlessf than the radius of the cylinder-portion .10' of. the cartridge, 1t isv im ortant, for this. reason among others, to glve the' cartridge such an inclined position as will bringthe cartridge shell into permament contactual relation with the said gulde tine at the head end, und at the forward end of said. cylinder 10. In practice, I have found it impor- 6U tant to make this inclination of the cartr dge 0, in its )lane N, great enough entirely to relieve sai intermediate portion of the cartridge from normally havingany Contact with said guide-line 4. This result 1s accomplished by so locating andcurv'mg the,A

j forth.

main guide-line i-andthe guide-lines ,21 and 3, as to positivelylimit-the cartridge against movement toward tgreaterdegree-of inclination inthe said oi-set plane of its ownaxis.A These respective locations and cur 70 vatures, and-their circumterentially spacing in the magazine, are obtained by means of the fea-tures (including the point-bearing y face 3C)` elsewhere herein more fully set Fig, 29 is a diagram illustrating the gen-- eral character -or formation of suchlcarl tridges asl shown in other figures of vthe drawings. As in Fig. l and inthe diagram` matic views, Figs. 12 and39, theline S13 to S16', indicates in this view thelength of one turnier pitch of the helical-guidelines, or guide-paths, of the magazine.. The general proportions of the l.cartridge are'indicated by the two cylinders l0 and 10, sub- $85 'stantially of the shape or rimless style also shown in Fig. 2, and which I designate as the 4two-cylinder formation. In Fig. 29, and also m F ig. 39, which is supplemental thereto, the pitch-length is shown divided-390 .into four parts at the points 7,7', and

f thus dividing the pitchelength intohfour substantially equal divisions. In the present instance the cartridge axis Lttl-extends.fromv the point S13 to the point 7", thus covering '95 three of the said divisions, go that the length. of the pitchis here shown equal to oneand one-third times .the Vlengthvoii the cartridge axis. Anotherline from S13 to S16 is shown equal tothe same pitch length and is divided at the points 8, 8', int-o three equal divisions. On this line it will be noted that the second division 8 comes substantially in line with the forward end of the point-bearing p, so that vthe length of two of these divisions,

.extending from S13fto 8', is equal to two thirds of the pitch-length and gives substantially the total length within which the bearingsupports are located whereby the cartridge is held in placeI against lateral movelf'lt)` ment in the magazine. This length from point S13 to the point S15, I designate aszthe' bearing-range of guide-line 4. When the A said bearinG-range length S13 to 8 vis divided int-o t iree equal parts, as indicatedby the lines 9, 9', (Fig. 29) it will be noted that the forward end of the mid-bearing, at M, extends forwardly' on the cartridge for substantiallytwo-thnds of the lengthrof said bearing-range and is about or somewhat `1:20 less than onealf of the pitch-length. The proportions and ratios .which are here'illustrated are, of course, torbe understood as ap ertaining and appropriate to the kind an formation of cartridge herein illustrated; and, that when these proportions and the dimensional relations between the different portions of the cartridge. are modi`' f fied to any considerable extent. the vproportions andv .relative specific dimensions of the `130 Aseyeral elements-comprised in this magazine system should be adjusted in their construc- '..tionto a correspondingextent.

Figs. 30 and 31 illustrate certain specific features which may be adopted in the guidelinesl 3 and 4. Since, during its passage along the ,guide-lines each bearinglocation ofthe cartridge comes to every point in the length of its guideline, therefo-re all the bearing relations as between the cart-ridge and the guide l1ne occur 1n succession at each point in the length of the guide-line which 4 `is traveled over by the cartridge. This feature is represented in Fig. 30 as to the gu1deline 4 of least radius, and in Fig. 31 as to the guide-line,l 3, of medium radius. In Fig. .the circle shows the head of the cartridge bearing at the point 4a on' said guideline 4; the circle m shows the midfbearing of the cart-ridge centrally upon the guide-line at 4b; and, the circle 79 shows the point-bearv ing of the cartridge against the guide-line l so' vthrough the magazine, the head of the cartridge bears on the guide-path4, the mid* die of the cartridge on the guide-path 4, and the point of the cartridge on the guidepath 4.

In a similar manner, as shown in Fig. 31,

the larger circle m indicates the relation at M the mid-bearing of the cartridge upon the guide-line 3 at 3.", and the smaller circle 7) approximately indicates the position of the point-bearing at path 3c on said guide-line 3. Thus, the guide-line surface at the point 3b may be said to form the guide-path (as tothe guide-line for the mid-bearing, While the adjacent surface at. the point 3c ,constitutes a similar guide-path for the point-bearing of the cartridge.v

Fig. 32 illustrates a' feature of the guidelinev3, and. one of its relations to the other guide-lines. A tangential line, as 25, Fig. 8, touching the guide-path 2 at the headbearing 2, obviously does not cut the inclusive circle. 2e. nor form the chord of an arc 557, thereof. Butsuch a tan ential line, as 87,

Fig. 32, drawn to touch tie guide-path 3 at the point-bearing 3", (since this guide-path is somewhat within said circle 2e) will "(when extended) cut said circle at 87T and .87, thus formingthe' chord 87 to 87" of .Ourthe are of ,circle 2 between those points.

Should the point circle 79 be raised to the .dotted position84 in Fig. 32 (provided the guide-path were removed) to touch the circle 2E at the place 88,then a line tangential to such contact would lie in the position 85,

`with theangle 86 less than a right-angle, since the line N is o-set from the axis .e

by the distance 42. The location, therefore, of the bearing-,face 3p on the chord line 87 and well within the circle 2e, brings this tangential line not only nearer to the axis e, but also substantially to a right-angle with the line N, which is the plane of the cartridge axis. (See Fig. 3).

Figs. 33, 34, and 35 are sectional views of the tube M in positions S13, S14, and S15, re-i spectively, in Fig. 12. The head-bearing k2 is shown in Fig. 35; the mid-bearing, m2, in Fig.,34; and, the point-bearing, p2, in F ig. 33.` In each of these figures th'e arrow shows the direction in which the bearing opposes the movement of the cartridge laterally of the tube. l In these respects each bear-infr acts by itself as a single, or unitary cartridge support, regardless of the presence or absence o-f'supporting surface between the endsof the chord-lines of such bearings. These views show separately the bearing chords which are shown in combination in Figs. 37 and 38, for comparison therewith.

Fig. 36 is a View similar to Figs. 1l and 11, and shows certain features for comparison with Fig. 32; also, with the other diagrammatic, sectional views, as elsewhere herein pointed out. The guide-lines are L -is here shown as extending (clockwise) from radial line V around to line V,v thus being complemental. to the arc Q which is between those radial lines. y

Fig. 37 is an end-View of the cartridge, C, and shows the triangulations as they would appear when looking endwise of the axis 40. When looking lengthwise of the magazine these nsupport-angles appear separately as Y shown in Figs. 8, 9, and 10; land when assembled together, as in Fig. 11, they are comprised in or constitute aA substantially triangular' figure (see Fig. 37) which may be said to be composed of overlapping triangular areas which substantially approxi 1nate,when combined togethen-fan equilateral-triangle, between the points 3", 4B, and 4". The cartridge is thus positively cont-rolled as against lateral movement by a triangular series or system of bearing faces which comprises supports that in each case are, respectively, located opposite to one of the sides of the said composite figure.,

Fig.V 38 is an end View similar to Fig. 37, but shows only the bearing-,chord compol nents of the triangulations, and is especially for comparison with Figs. 8 to 11E, and 32 to 37. In Fig. 8, the line It?, between the guidepath faces 2i and 4, I designate as the chord of the head-bearing; it is (in this instance) distant fromthe cartridge axis 40 by the amount 61, and from the axis z by the amount 61', but in some cases these distances may be varied. Similarly, in Fig. 9, the line m2, between the guide-path faces 3" and 4b isthe chord of the mid-bearing, it being the chord of that arc or portion of the circle m which extends between these guide-path faces. In Fig. 10,-the line p2, in like manner indicates the chord of the point-bearingA- which extends from the face 4 to the face 3c. In the combined or assembled four triangulatiolis as represented in Fig. 1l, those tls ree bearings-chords, 72.2, m2, and p2, are shown by heavier dotted lines', the chords h2 and 772 being in substantially the same directions, while the mid-bearing chord m2 is located transversely at about `right-angles thereto. In all the views, Figs. l8 to 11, those four triangulations are represented Yas they appear when the line of sight is parallel to the magazine axis e. The triangulations shown in Fig. 11'i are redrawn in Fig. 37 as they are arranged when the line of sight is parallel to the axis, 40, of the cartridgethe bearing chords are distinguished, as before, by the heavier lines.` In each triangulation, I have regarded the side formed of the bearing chord as the principal line or element, and these chords indicate, by their relative positions, the transverse directions, of their cartridge-controlling action. This feature is further brought out in Fig. 38, .which cor- .-responds with Fig. 37, except that only the then have the three planes 2, 3, and 4", as

said bearing chords (or base lines) of the' triangulations are reproduced. The two chords h2 and 722 are here shown nearly coincident, while the chord m? is sbstantially at right-angles to them both.

Figs. 39, 40, 41 and 43 are diagrams illustrating how the'several guide-lines or bearing-paths, while having the same helical pitch, will vary as to their actual curvatures. The three circles 9.a, 3, and 4e, Fig. 40, indicate the diameters of the respective geometric cylinders on the surface of which (or Within which) the guide-lines 2, 3, and 4- lnay be said to be located. The guide-line 4 as shown in the preceding ligures) is here shown as being the bearing-line or path of minimum radius, 1, (Fi 42) which is that of circle 4e; and similar y as to the radii r2 and r3, which are the radii of the guidelines 2 and 3 and of the circles 2e and 3e. These several radii are also indicated in the preceding sectional Views by the distances there sho'wn between the Aaxis e and the respective guidelines 2, 3, and 4.

Supposing, now, each of the circles 2e, 3e, and 4e to be cut at 70 on the line ,2, and then unro-lled or developed into a plane, we will shown (in end view).yby the lines thus designated in Fig. 40;, theselines being equal respectively, to the circumferences of sai cylinders andes) are t erefore of different lengths,

and so correspond to the widths of the de.. veloped surfaces 2, 3S, and^4s, respectively,` in Fig. 39, in which thesesurfaces are shown.

represented by circles 2, 32,'

of one pitch-length, from S13 to Sl/ To facilitate comparisons, this diagram shows said developed surfaces, or planes, as lying one abovethe other, with the narrowest,.oiie,` 4s at the top. The guide-,line being now h developed and properly plotted on the surface 4S, it becomes the diagonally-disposed line or path 4t, beginning at el and extend.- ing on the saine angleor pitch to the bearing-line 4m and 41. Similarly, the guideline 3 when thus plotted on the surface 3S, becomes the diagonal line St; and the guideline 2 becomes, on surface 2S, the similar line 2t. Each of t-hese three lines extends the whole width as well as the whole length of its said respective surface, and since these surfaces are of one length but of diti'erent widths, the angular-ity of said lines varies accordingly, and thus visually represents the variations in the relative curvatures of the guide-path surface as combined together in the completed magazine, see 1 and l2. For aiding these comparisons in such a given instance as here illustrated, I have drawn sugli a cartridge at C, over the lines of the diagram in Fig. 39, and on the same cumferential range of the said faces on line St, extends substantially completely around the magazine; and how the lengths of these two bearing-ranges, (these lengths being' approximately indicated by the distance el. to 4P) when added together Would'bc substantially as great as the length of the guide-line vpitch-S13 to Sw', in Figs. 12, 29and 39, and

especially when the aforesaid excess-pitch is not more than one and one-third and not less than one and one-fourth times the length of the cartridge axis 40.

vFig.`42 is a diagram drau'n'in alinement with and at the right-hand of Fig. 40, to better facilitate comparison and shows the radii of the three guide-lines` and the radii of the head-bearing, mid-bearing, and pointbearing, surfaces on a cartridge having the described two-cylinder formation hut having (as specifically indicated by the lines in Figs. 2, 12, 23 and 24) the larger cylinder portion, l0, of a slightly tapering shape or style in accordance with the practice nou' enerally adopted in manufacturing this c ass of cartridges. In this view, 'r2 indicates the radius herein adopted for guide-v line 2; rs, the radius vof guide-line 3; and, r*

the radius of guide-Aline 4', 'In similar order, c2 indicates the radius ofzthe circle h o the head of the cartridge C.; 8, of the 1dbearing m; and c* of the point-bearing p.

Cferentially4 ofrthe magazine axis, and how fthe planes of these axes are`--arranged tanlThis latter radius may '(in some cases, as 1n gentiallytqa geometric cylinder which has a diameter greater-than-the radial mclination of those axes relativelyto the orbital axis'z. .These views also illustrate .the locations of the force-lines by which the pres-V sure Aof a magazine spring applied to one cartridge is transmitted backwardly through a series of the cartridges. In Fig. 44 the lengthof the cartridges corresponds in scale to Figs. land 2, while the diameters are increased to the scale lused in Figs. 8 to, 11, In this system, the cartridge axes are ot located or inclined in planes which are disposed 'radially to the orbital axis, but are, onthe contrary, located in axial-planes which are tangential to va geometric cylinder concentric with said axis. This is indicated in`Fi 8, where the circle e? is the end view o this geometric ligure, and in Figs.4 43 and 44, I haveshown the same cylinder with the axes 40, 40', and 40 laid thereon, while in their proper relative positions to each other. In Fig. 43, the axialline 40 shows the location'inend View of the plane of the axis 40, while the line simi- I larly shows the plane of the force-line 30, v.this plane being transverse, at about rightangles, to said axial plane; these relative positions are further indicated in Fig. 44, which shows the axis and the force-line 30 of any one cartridge' located in adjoining quadrants. These views by comparison with Fig. and Fig. v46 indicate how the axes cf the cartridges are disposed tangenf tially to ageometric cylinder, e7, having a diameter subst-antially three-fourths of the inclination of said axes intheir axial planes; this proportion, therefore, substantially corresponds in' this instance to the ratio of carl. tridge-length to pitch-length, as adopted in the drawings. But comparison with Fig. 4a, shows the cylinder .e7 to be much larger than the entire radial inclination of said axis 40. It is evident the line of orcetransmission 'will pass through any one cartridge directly from the point-contact to the head-contact thereof which head-contact is, however, the point of the next preceding cartridge. ForA instance, in the cartridge .C this force-line, 30', extends tronic backwardtoc. But c is one-half a revolution from d of-axialline 40', so d" is opposite ge. v

is to force 'this point directly toward the transversely-disposed bearing-face 3 from whichfthe. re-action line, m4, (see-Figs. .9, 1Q,

and 10a) 'is directly to, and in a planev vertically to, -the mid-bearing face 4d, so that such action is limited by and against faces so transversely disposedas to prevent wedging action. The lines of thrust, as 30, represents the line of transmission ofthe pressure from o ne cartridge, C, backwardv through cartridge C to the point of car' tridge (lf-C presses at 5" against the point e of C', and the force-line 30 reaches direct through C back to the point e of C. This brings force-line 30 at S1, directly to e and o posite to d; thus the lineBO of cartridge .(R/ lies in the quadrant Q next in ad- Vance of axis 40'; so the lines 30, 30', 30 and 30 extend around the circle in a direction opposite to the helical guide-lines, and in an unbroken line of transmissionof which the said component 4lines are located nearly in the axial planes, respectively, of the next rearward cartridge axes, and thus entirely encircle the magazine axis. The two lines-4 0 and 30 therefore form two sides of. a^ triangle having the diametrical line e d as its base-line; and as this'base line is about central of the magazine circle, while the point, e, is at the radial distance z e', the lane of this triangle d, e, e, is inclined by t at angle to the axis a; and these successive triangle-planes are in transverse positions; and the plane of this force-line of one cartridge is transverse to the plane of.'

the axis of the same cartridge.

Fig. 45 is an illustrative view similar in position and perspective to Fig. 24, but with ies the magazine turned to bring the cartridge axis 40` above the orbital axis e. This view shows how said axis 40,;beginning (as in' section S13, Fig. 12), at the radial line V (at the radial distance z, Fig. 3a, of the head-center, al, of vthe cartridge from said axis e), extends circume'ren'tially around said axis 2,-anl also longitudinally thereof,-'-to the pointe onthe radial lined@ cerresponding to section S1 in Fig. In traversing this distance, said axis 40 although itself a straight line, extends circumferenv tially'of the magazine (and around the axis .e thereof), through the arc represented by said radial lines -V- to V; this is the grams, Figs. 3 and '3a.

- are which isl designatedby Q in the dia- This are, Q, I

relations of the divergent axial-line and i `force-line, the latter'lineis shown Vat 30, in

Fig. 45, and Fig. 46, particularly for comparison with Figs. 4, 43 and 44. The line i radial vlines k3 and le* show the positions wise of the circle) of said axial-arc Q. In

and are drawn in alinenient therewith, for

A has a circumferential advance, in this in- .join (see 44) to form a continuous Aline surrounding the orbital' axis. i

Vbelow'Fig. 45, and shows the lines at S1r The arc g is here shown located directly opstance, equal to that of axis- 40, or through one quadrant, but the successive force-lines Fig. 46 is drawn in alinement with andv (Fig. 45) as seen in end-view, with the axial-arc Q, extending from the radial line V to the radial line V, (also see Figs. 3, 3a, 8 to 11a, and 36). Inthis ligure the at said section or position S13 of the guidelines, or paths, 3 and 4, respectively, and the circumferential advance of one relatively to the other is indicated by the arc g, which I designate the guide-arc.

positely to the radius V', While'the axialarc, Q,has its middle line, (coincident with line Fig. 45, extended), at substantially right-angles to the radial line c, of guideline 4; the circumferential position of guideline 4 is'thus indicated as being one-fourth of a revolution, or circle, in advance (clock- Fig. 46 the line h2 shows the approximate position of the head-bearing chord, to facilita'te comparison with the preceding and following diagrams, especially Figs. 8 and 1i,V and with Figs. 51 and 52.

Figs. 47 to 50 are views similar to Fig. 46,

illustrating the circumferential advance of the guide-arc g relatively to the axial-arc Q., at successive positions (in Fig. 45) between the position at S13 (shown in Fig. 46) and the position at S16, shown in Fig. 50. Figs. 47 and 48 represent, respectively, such positions at about the rearward and forno.y limits of the mid-bearing contacts on f guide-lines, as indicated for instance by dotted lines at m, Fig. Q these limits ci spond nearlyl with the lines at 4b and 4b'. Figs. 23, 24, and Q8, and with the approximate contact-range indicated at 4m and 3m, Fig. 39. In Figs. 47 and1 48 the position, (the average position) of the guide-arc, g, is crosswise of, at about right-angles to, that of the axial-arc Q. Similarly, Fig. 4f) illustrates the relative arc positions at about the middle of th'e limits of the point-hearing; thse being indicated by the dotted lines at p, Fig. 2, and corresponding neel-ll)7 with the locations deiined by 3c und-3', Iiga'QB and 24, ,and with the contact-range 'indicated at 3 and "4", Fig. 39. Fig. 4i) shows the arc y advanced a. short distance beyond (to the right-hand) of arc Q, and substantially one-fourth ot a -circle from its position in Fig. 48.- VIn Fig. 50 the are g is shown revolved through three-fourths of a circle from its position Ain Fig. 46' this brings guide-line 3 to the position in Fig. 50, ci' guide-line 4 in Fig. 46, and brings guidelinez4 about centrally of arc Q.as in the transverse plane at S16 at the extreme f orvvard end, e, of the cartridge axis, which is indlcated in previous views and in the case of a pointed bullet is some distance forward of said. point-bearing p. Through these proportionate guide-arc advances,the successive bearings .are obtained as shown in FigsS, .l, andlO, together with the peculiarly important .result of bringing the bearing-face 3 into the location and tangential position on line 91 already described, (as shown in Fig. l0), in connection with the system of triangulations, Figs. 8 to 11a. In this instance, the axial arc Q is drawn about the one, fourth part of a circle, and corresponds to a complement-al guide-arc of three-fourths of a circle, which is between tivo-thirds and jour-fifths, and which I deem to be the extremes'ot' practicable limits of variation in the guide-lines pitch. The cartridge axis, therefore, being so far ott-set, may be said to extend around the orbital axis z through 4one-fourth of a revolution, or circle. practice I ind the circumferential guide-arc L of the aide-line 4 should be not less than two-thirt s of a revolution. and that the comfresthsaid arc may be said to revolve around the axis z and relatively to the axial-arc Q, in the direction, of course, of .the helices' and when the. pitch is one and one-thir(L times the cartridge-length, to make threefouiths of a turn in passing along from the head-bearing tothe point of the cartridge. The successive positions shown in Figs. 46, 48, and 49, are also indicated in Figs. 8, 9, and l0, respectively.

By the off-setting of the plane N of the axis 40, und at the same vtime making the helical pitch (guide-line pitch) much longe'.` than that uxis, the circumferential arc V'. V. (arc Q) occupied by said axis may be made so small'that this axial-arc added to the circumferential nrc (guide-lines arq) occupied by one cartrid e-length of one guide-line will substantiallf equal one revolution, or circle, and these two arcs thu; become complemental. But if the plane N should not be so ott-set, but be located in or close to the axis 2, th axis-arc Q would be substantially one-half of a circle, and tliis combined with a guide-arc of substantially one full circ1e,-as when the guide-line pitch is the length of the cartridge,-would 'give a combined arc of about one and one-half iso times a full circle, `and this would result in too great a' curvature of the guide-paths and in such radially differentrelations ot the tangential lanes forl the bearing-faces and of the triangulations as to produce wedging action, and render the magazine Aunreliable and impracticable; but in such a case the said arcs would not be complement-al. These obstacles are e'ectively overcome in and by my present invention.

' lVhen the orbital-advance of one cartridge is `three-fourths of a revolution in passing from the position C to the position C, Fig.

12, and when the axial-arc of advance isthat case one-half of a revolution in one.

cartridge-length of the magazine; and, the

- arc,'as g, Figs. 4:6 to 50, of the head-center d f tion's Which are distinctly different from in circumferential advance of the pointcenter e, isequal to the said guide-arc minus the saidaXial-arc.

Another feature 'of the Organization and operation of this magazine is the relation between the axialarc and the guide-arc, whereby the latter, in the distance from the head-bearing tol'the point of the cartridge, has a circumferential advance which at the several bearing-places 'on the cartridge brings said arcs to successive relative locaeach other, and which have, each in its place, particular functional relations to and in cooperation with the other bearings; these relations and results are shown in the drawp ings and set forth in the following descript-ion of Figs. 51 to 56.

Fig. 51 shows Vinlongitudinal section a short portion *ofthe magazine M with the head portion, h, of the cartridge located in proper 'position therein (see section S13, Fig. 12) and, Fig. 52 is an e'ndelevation as seen from the left-hand in Fi 51, and ar` ranged for comparison therewith.. Figs. 53 and 5.4 are a like pair of Views similarly showing the middle-portion of the cartridge, v

m, in proper relation to the bearing-paths 3 and 4; this portion m comprises the adjacent parts of each ot the cylinders 10 and 10n of the cartridge-formation illustratedin Figs 2, as, 29, mise. rigs. and 5c are a similar pair of views for showing` the point portion, 7), of the cartridge in position relatively to the same bearing-paths. Figs. 51, 53, and 55 are drawn on the same axial line s, but the several portions of the magazine shown in theseviews, respectively, are supposed to be turned' on said axis to bring the bearing-chords, h2, in Fig. 52; m2, in Fig. 54; and, p2 in 56, all into a vertical position.

(Compar with sections S13, S1?,

and S15, Fig. 12). This brings the line of sight in Figs. 51, 53, and 55, directly toward or vertical to `those bearing-chords, as indicated in the companion views, Figs. 52, 54, and 56, respectively; this direction is opposite to the arrows in Figs. 33, 34, and '35, respectively. Fig. 51 shows the chord 7V at right-angles to the cartridge axis 110, and substantially (nearly) at right-angles to orbital axis z. Fig. 53 shows the chord m2 in a slightly modified angular position as compared with chord h?. But in Fig. 55 the relative inclination of the chord, p2, is materially increased, thereby. making this point- 1 bearing chord of about the length lot' said chord m2 of the mid-bearing. lt will now become evident how the two helical guide' lines, 3 and 4:, although of the same circum-V ferential distance apart throughout their length, may be so organized (in connection with the olf-setting of the plane of the cartridge axis, and the inclination of the cartridge axis in such plane), as to supply bearing-faces forming a mid-bearing on a part ot'- thecartridge which is of relative large size, (cylinder 10) and also supply at other places thereon, bearing-faces forming the point-bearing for a part of the cartridge which is relatively of smaller size (cylinder 10a); s'o thatv the middle-bearing and the point-*bearing are of substantially the same chord-length and are both properly located for'efective operation, notwithstanding the ygreat differences in those parts of the cartridge and the uniformity in angular spacing and in pitch of the said guide-lines.

The particular class of cartridges, for the holding of-which my improved 'magazine is more especially intended, I have herein designated as two-cylinder. since t-he larger and longer portion 102is .usually substantially, or Very nearly, a cylinder, from one end of which extends the smaller end portion, 10,

lwhich is in the nature of a second cylinder formed as an extension ofthe first and larger one. In practice these cylinders, especially the larger one 10, (see Figs. 2, 29, and 39) are generally made slightly tapering so that the mid-bearing ortion fm, is of a slightly smaller size than t e head-bearing portlon, h. From the small cylinder 10, extends the usual bullet point, as shown," thus completing lthe length of the cartridge and its axis, and so fixing (in any given ease) the length of the axial plane, as S13 to S1", Figs. Llend 39. y

In the diagrammatic view, Fig. 29, l have indicatedgn connection with the outline representation` of the said larger cylinder 10 and the smaller cylinder 10, (which together indicate the general proportion of the cartridge) certain lines for representing some of the-relations between a cartridge of thattype and proportion in connection witht'he cartridge-holding and guiding means with which the magazine is provided. The length of one turn of the helical bearing-lines (as 2, 8, and 4, Fig. 12) extends from point S13 to the point S16, this distance being designatedV as the pitch of the guide-lines, or bearing-lines, of the magazine. 'In order to bring -the axial plane of one cartridge to about right-angles to the plane of an adjacent contiguous cartridge (see Fig. 3), this guide-line pitch I prefer to make substantially one and one-third times the length of the cartridge axis 40. Comparing these several distances in said Figs. 29 and 39 with the locations of the several bearing-places as z., m, and p, for the head, the middle, and the point, respectively, it will be observed t-hat the distance S13 to 8 (Fig. 29) extending over the wholeV length or range of the bearing-supports, is substantially two-thirds of the length of the pitch. When these relations are considered in connection with the manner in which the several guide-lines supply bearing places for the cartridge at the head, the mid-portion, and the pointportion, respectively, it will be observed that the lmain. guide-line 4 which furnishes the bearing-face 4gl for the head-bearing,

.also furnishes the bearing-face 4b for the mid-bearing, and that the circumferential distance between these two bearing-faces is nearly one-half of one revolution; and, that the circumferential distance between the .said head-hearing face 4a and the bearingface 4" which forms Dart of the point-bearing is substantially two-thirds of one revolution or circle of the magazine.

In Fig. 3 and in Figs. `8 to lla, the plane N of axis 40 of cartridge C, is shown located or off-set toward one side of the'magazine and of the axis z, which thus becomes an orbital axis around which the said axial plane rotates during the movement of the cartridge alongv and between suitable. helical guide-lines, such, for instance, as 2, 3, and 4. When a cartridge is so located, all its circles (transverse sections) will evidently be located eccentrically to the magazine tube, when this tube is concentric (on its inner surface) to' the orbital axis z; and each of such cartridge circles, or sections, will be continuously maintained in one and the same relation to and distance from that orbital axis, not nly while the cartridgesare at rest in .the magazine, but alsoduring their' longitudinal movement therein. These results so far as I am aware have not heretofore been'accom'- plished in or by any tubular cartridge magazine for holding center-fire cartridges in end-to-end safe positions. This organization mtting'a suihciently free play of each cartridge within the small limits of lateral movement needed for preventing any jamming or sticking, whether thisk should tend to occur as a result of the normal end-pres-A sure of the cartridges the usual magazine spring), or from thel concussion and recoil of the tire-arm; or, from the impact incident to the rapid operation of the loading mechanism, which, it should be noted, may involve the longitudinal movement in the magazine of the -series of cartridges through the distance of nearly one cartridge-lengtlhwithin a period of time not more than one-fth of a second.

In the head-bearing, presuming that we advance alongthe magazine -in the direction ,of the twist or curvature, the bearing face 4El of least radius is in advance of the companion'bearing face 2a, which is supplied by the bearing-line 2 of maximum radius. Advancing along the cartridge, in the direction indicated, to the mid-bearing, here the Said main bearing line 4 supplies the rearward bearing-face 4b, while the companion face 3'? of this mid-bearing is supplied by the bearing-line 3, which is of medium radius. Similarly advancing to the pointhearingl position, Fig. l0, here also said main bearing-line A4 supplies the rearward bearing-face 4 for the point-bearing, the companion bearing-face, 3"', being supplied b the said bearing-line 3 of medium radius. Thus the said bearing-line 'of least radius, 4, supplies one bearing-face for each of the said three bearings, respectively, while the .bearing-line 3 supplies two of the said bearing-faces, for the mid-bearing and the pointaring, respectively. Thus, of the series of six availble bearing-faces on the three bearing-lines respectively, there are three bearing-points or faces on the bearing-line 4 of minimum'adius; two on the bearingline 3 of medium radius, and only one onA the' bearing line 2, of maximum radius.-

For accomplishing the positive and continuous control of the cartridge thrlfpighout the whole length of the magazine, t e three helical guide-surfaces or bearing-paths 2, 3, and 4, are shown as having al pitch which is so' largely in excess of the length of the cartridge (see Figs. 1 l2, 39, and others) that when these bearing-lines are suitably located circumferentially ofthe magazine, the bearings 2 and 4 operate together substantially as one hearing, (Fig. 8) for lccating the head end of the cartridge, while on each other (due to 

